城市更新中的校園策略
云南玉溪生態(tài)實驗小學
緣起-城市更新中的老校價值
Origin-the old school value in urban renewal
隨著城市建設從增量向存量轉(zhuǎn)變，城市管理從粗放向精細演化，“城市有機更新”“既有建筑改造”“土地復合使用”“反自然建造的修正”等話題成為討論的熱點。而城市快速發(fā)展的道路機動化與住宅高層化，讓老校區(qū)與新城市之間的關(guān)系矛盾重重。玉溪生態(tài)實驗小學即是在如此背景之下的設計案例。
With the transformation of urban construction from incremental to stock, and the evolution of urban management from extensive to refined, topics such as "urban organic renewal", "reconstruction of existing buildings", "combined use of land", and "modification against natural construction" have become hot topics of discussion. The rapid development of the city’s road motorization and high-rise residential buildings have caused conflicts between the old campus and the new city. Yuxi Eco-Experiment Primary School is a design case in this context.
2018年現(xiàn)場原始情況_思序設計
學校頂視圖改造前后對比_思序設計
基地位于玉溪中心區(qū)域，校區(qū)總面積為23500平方米，地勢西低東高，地形極為特殊。初勘現(xiàn)場，爬上長而陡的坡道之后，雜草叢生間一棟老舊的教學樓遺忘在山林前的空地上，斑駁的墻體年復一年經(jīng)受著日曬雨淋。繼續(xù)教學樓后的陡坡而上，自地勢高處俯瞰，城市風光盡收眼底，建筑師心中篤定了一個信念——通過設計，打造一所可以俯瞰城市的校園。
The base is located in the central area of Yuxi. The total area of the campus is 23,500 square meters. The terrain is low in the west and high in the east, and the terrain is extremely special. After first surveying the site, after climbing up the long and steep slope, an old school building amidst weeds was forgotten in the open space in front of the mountain forest. The mottled walls have been exposed to the sun and rain year after year. Continuing on the steep slope behind the teaching building, overlooking the city from a height, the architect has a belief in his heart-to create a campus overlooking the city through design.
沖突-現(xiàn)狀與需求的矛盾
Conflict-contradiction between status quo and demand
設計伊始的充分溝通很重要，梳理需求、分析問題、匹配合適的策略實現(xiàn)需求。沿城市界面的建筑群不能拆改，而改造加建的學校又將以新面貌示人，教學樓主色調(diào)的選擇很關(guān)鍵；從入口到教室不能出現(xiàn)臺階，需要在10米多的進深距離化解4米多的高度差；在有限空間里，布置田徑場、籃球場、食堂、停車場等空間；利用山林擴大校園空間，不破壞自然的前提下設置多個功能教室；最后尤為重要的是改造項目的成本控制與平衡。各種問題整合之后，設計將一步步破題，一個個解答。
Adequate communication at the beginning of design is very important, sort out requirements, analyze problems, and match appropriate strategies to achieve requirements. The buildings along the urban interface cannot be demolished, and the rebuilt and added school will show a new look. The choice of the color of the teaching building is very important; there must be no steps from the entrance to the classroom, and it needs to be resolved at a depth of more than 10 meters by 4 meters. Many height differences; in a limited space, arrange track and field courts, basketball courts, canteens, parking lots and other spaces; use mountains and forests to expand campus space and set up multiple functional classrooms without destroying nature; the last thing is particularly important is the transformation of the project Cost control and balance. After the various questions are integrated, the design will solve the problems step by step and answer them one by one.
破題-構(gòu)建全新的敘事體驗
Break-build a new narrative experience
化解高差既是核心難題也是解題思路。破題之舉便是因地制宜，將化解高差和保護生態(tài)的兩相融合，變不利地形為自然山勢共構(gòu)相融的校園空間特色。
Resolving the height difference is not only the core problem but also the idea of solving the problem. The move to solve the problem is to adapt measures to local conditions, to integrate the two aspects of resolving the height difference and protecting the ecology, and to change the unfavorable terrain into a campus space featuring natural mountains.
學校建筑主體改造前_思序設計
學校建筑主體改造后_思序設計
學校主入口人行坡道前后對比_思序設計
設計的目標很明確，改造廢棄教學樓、加建新教學建筑，保護生態(tài)、植入校方需求、合理布局，變不利地形為合理的校園空間。如何化解高差與融合生態(tài)這一項目核心難題。設計最初的空間關(guān)注點并不在教學樓的細部功能上，而是新老建筑的融合，教學建筑和山地環(huán)境相嵌，構(gòu)建校園空間的全新敘事體驗。
The design goal is very clear, transforming abandoned teaching buildings, adding new teaching buildings, protecting the ecology, planting school needs, reasonable layout, and turning unfavorable terrain into a reasonable campus space. How to resolve the core problem of the project of height difference and ecological integration. The initial spatial focus of the design was not on the detailed functions of the teaching building, but the integration of the old and new buildings. The teaching building and the mountain environment were embedded to construct a new narrative experience of the campus space.
嫁接-新老建筑的共存與升級
Grafting-the coexistence and upgrade of new and old buildings
由于沿城市界面的建筑群不能拆改，而改造加建的學校又將以新面貌示人，設計最終選擇以純白為主基調(diào)，采用干凈利落的極簡主義風格。遠遠望去，學校仿佛是一座白色城堡退避于沿街建筑，隱藏于自然山林之中。
原有的教學樓建筑結(jié)構(gòu)不做改變，通過在外立面加筑木質(zhì)鋁板格柵做美化，在建筑頂部構(gòu)架與底部外部加以裝飾線條，使其與新加建建筑風格統(tǒng)一。
而新建建筑則利用山地豐富的豎向?qū)哟危茉鞓O具想象力的空間場所。新舊建筑間以連廊聯(lián)接，L型的庭院景觀邊界與學生的動線自然結(jié)合。課后，孩子們的行動空間，更可以擴展到山體區(qū)域，每時每刻都可以引發(fā)運動與無限可能。
Since the buildings along the urban interface cannot be demolished, and the rebuilt and added school will show a new look, the final design is based on pure white and adopts a clean minimalist style. From a distance, the school seems to be a white castle retreated from the buildings along the street, hidden in the natural forest. The original structure of the teaching building remains unchanged. It is beautified by adding wooden aluminum grilles to the facade, and decorative lines are added to the top frame and bottom of the building to make it unified with the new building style. The new building uses the rich vertical layers of the mountain to create an imaginative space. The old and new buildings are connected by a corridor, and the L-shaped courtyard landscape boundary is naturally combined with the movement of students. After class, the children's action space can be extended to the mountain area, which can trigger movement and infinite possibilities at all times.
校園的主入口廣場與道路接平，這樣廣闊寬敞的平臺空間使得家長在接送孩子時，多了一個聚集廣場，也更方便人流快速疏散。沿著層次豐富的坡道向上至接待大廳是一段斜角近40度的斜坡。如何在10米多的進深距離化解4米多的高度差？設計從美國舊金山的九曲花街采集靈感，利用彎曲迂回的路線長度換取空間減緩流線的坡度，同時在地面鋪裝采用透水瀝青增加摩擦力。很快，可以看到孩子們沿著蜿蜒的坡道向上奔跑，來到學校接待大廳前的環(huán)形停留廣場雀躍聚首，而沿路花壇中時令的花草和時不時撞見的特色的小品雕塑學校環(huán)境更添生機。
The main entrance plaza of the campus is level with the road. Such a wide and spacious platform space allows parents to pick up and drop off their children. An extra plaza is also available to facilitate the rapid evacuation of people. Along the richly layered ramp up to the reception hall is a slope with an oblique angle of nearly 40 degrees. How to resolve the height difference of more than 4 meters at a depth of more than 10 meters? The design draws inspiration from the Jiuquhua Street in San Francisco, USA, and uses the curved and circuitous route length in exchange for space to slow down the slope of the streamline, and at the same time uses permeable asphalt on the ground to increase friction. Soon, you can see the children running up the winding ramp to the circular stop square in front of the school reception hall. The seasonal flowers and plants in the flower beds along the road and the characteristic sketch sculptures that you encounter from time to time add to the school environment. vitality.
疊加-功能的堆疊與空中操場
Stacking-functional stacking and aerial playground
在布局田徑場與運動場時，不破壞山體、保護自然環(huán)境是首則；不變動土方、盡量控制成本是強規(guī)，在這塊場地放置一個田徑場，會將原本局限的空間進一步壓縮。最終，設計師將操場抬高，食堂與停車場設置在操場下層，將操場空間至于其上，這樣對于土地的有效利用，創(chuàng)造出更多的功能性空間。于是，這樣一個擁有250米長的環(huán)形跑道“空中操場”就形成了，在更接近天空的操場上運動，仿佛伸手就能猜到白云；眺望遠方城市，視野開闊舒朗。
When arranging track and field fields and sports fields, not destroying the mountains and protecting the natural environment is the first priority; not changing the earthwork and trying to control costs is a strong rule. Placing an track and field field on this site will further compress the originally limited space. In the end, the designer raised the playground, set up the canteen and parking lot on the lower level of the playground, and put the playground space on top, so as to effectively use the land and create more functional space. As a result, such an "air playground" with a 250-meter-long circular runway was formed. You can exercise on the playground closer to the sky, as if you can guess the white clouds by reaching out; overlooking the city in the distance, you have a wide and comfortable view.
在操場旁的樹林，對于孩子們而言仿佛是另外一個神秘世界的入口，隨著臺階拾級而上，每一個有好奇心的孩子都將情不自禁步入這秘密的自然之境。山林自然生態(tài)風景是最具感染力的。在最初的設計目標中，便是要將建筑融入環(huán)境。設計師把建筑打散，形成若干個建筑單體，并將它們放置在山體的不同高差，隱匿在綠色生態(tài)山體之中。經(jīng)年累月，建筑將和山體形成共生關(guān)系：藏身于山石樹林，又從山石的綠色中顯現(xiàn)出來，若隱若現(xiàn)。
The woods next to the playground seem to be the entrance to another mysterious world for the children. As the steps climb up, every curious child can't help but step into this secret natural realm. The natural ecological scenery of mountain forest is the most infectious. The initial design goal was to integrate the building into the environment. The designer broke up the building to form a number of individual buildings, and placed them on the different elevations of the mountain, hiding them in the green ecological mountain. Over the years, the building will form a symbiotic relationship with the mountain: hiding in the rocky forest, it also appears from the green of the rock, looming.
周圍是一片翠綠的景色，覆蓋在無盡的藍天之下，陽光明媚，草木在微風的吹拂下微微顫動。孩子們總能在這片綠林找到自己所喜愛的“角落”，課堂從室內(nèi)延伸到室外，在樹蔭下、陽光下、微風中……
Surrounded by an emerald green landscape, covered in an endless blue sky, the sun is shining brightly, and the vegetation is trembling slightly under the breeze. Children can always find their favorite "corner" in this green forest. The classroom extends from indoor to outdoor, in the shade of the trees, in the sun, in the breeze...
結(jié)語-創(chuàng)造教育新名片
Conclusion-Create a new business card for education
在城市不斷更新迭變的發(fā)展進程中，校園一直以一種配套和附屬的形象存在。對個人而言，校園是美好的青春回憶；對城市而言，校園是文化的精神象征。如何通過創(chuàng)新的設計打造一所美好的校園不僅關(guān)乎個人，更關(guān)乎城市美好的形象。創(chuàng)造教育新名片不僅是口號，更是城市策略。
In the continuous development of the city, the campus has always existed as a supporting and attached image. For individuals, campuses are beautiful memories of youth; for cities, campuses are spiritual symbols of culture. How to create a beautiful campus through innovative design is not only about the individual, but also about the beautiful image of the city. Creating a new business card for education is not only a slogan, but an urban strategy.
學校田徑場空間改造前
學校田徑場空間改造后
設計關(guān)注基于功能需求下質(zhì)量與成本的平衡，堅持對品質(zhì)的追求和兒童健康成長的專注，更是將城市更新與校園改擴建相結(jié)合，從多層級的策略思考、全方面的設計落實，極大提高土地和空間的利用率。伴隨著舊建筑的更新、功能的改善、自然的維護，城市活力正漸漸喚醒。
The design focuses on the balance of quality and cost based on functional requirements, adheres to the pursuit of quality and the focus on the healthy growth of children, and combines urban renewal with campus reconstruction and expansion. From multi-level strategic thinking and comprehensive design implementation, it is extremely Greatly improve the utilization of land and space. With the renewal of old buildings, the improvement of functions, and the maintenance of nature, the vitality of the city is gradually awakening.
夜幕降臨，校園重回寧靜。半山半校的玉溪生態(tài)實驗小學安靜的等待第二天師生的到來… …
As night fell, the campus returned to tranquility. The Yuxi Ecological Experimental Primary School, which is half a mountain, quietly waits for the arrival of teachers and students the next day...
▽ 項目技術(shù)圖紙
YUXI 區(qū)位分析平面
YUXI 分層平面_動圖
YUXI 彩平
YUXI -剖面
地塊高差與保留建筑示意圖
新老建筑的共存與升級
教學樓主體建筑解構(gòu)示意
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